This article describes the typology of phonological neutralization. As a result of the conducted analysis, the author concludes that neutralization is still perceived differently by Russian linguists and Prague Phonological School which first described it. In the article the author describes five conditions that are implicitly applied to neutralization. The author comes to the conclusion that there are at least two different types of neutralization which differ from each other by different number of conditions.

phoneme, neutralization, differential feature, position, Moscow phonological school, Prague phonological school

1. Bogoraz L.I. O neitralizatsiii arkhifoneme v svyazi s soglasnym iarkhifonemami russkogo yazyka [The Neutralization and Archiphonemes in Connection with Consonant Archiphonemes of the Russian Language] // Problemy strukturnoi lingvistiki [Problems of Structural Linguistics]. M., 1963, pp. 153–163.
2. Kalenchuk M.L. Delimitatsiya znachimykh edinits yazyka s pomoshch’yu foneticheskikh sredstv [The Delineation of Meaningful Units of Language by Means of Phonetics] // Fonetikasegodnya. Materialy dokladov i soobshchenii VIII mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii 28–30 oktyabrya 2016 goda [Phonetics Today. Proceedings of the VIII International Academic Conference October 28–30, 2016]. M.; SPb., Nestor-Istoriya, 2016, pp. 48–50.
3. Kasatkin L.L. Sovremennyi russkii yazyk. Fonetika [Modern Russian Language. Phonetics]. M., Akademiya, 2014. 271 p.
4. Panov M.V. Russkayafonetika [Russian phonetics].M., Prosveshchenie, 1967. 438 p.
5. Peregozhina T.A. Oppozitsii glasnykh fonem I ikh neitralizatsiya v sovremennom russkom yazyke [The Opposition of Vowel Phonemes and their Neutralization in the Contemporary Russian Language] // Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2:Yazykoznanie [Bulletin of Volgograd State University. Series 2: Linguistics], 2015, no. 1, pp. 55–60.
6. Popov M.B. Problemy sinkhroni cheskoi idiakhronicheskoi fonologii russkogo yazyka [Problems of Synchronic and Diachronic Phonology of the Russian Language]. SPb., 2004. 346 p.
7. Reformatskii A.A. Osnovnye polozheniya MFSH [The Main Provisions of the Moscow Phonological School] // Reformatskii A.A. Iz istorii otechestvennoi fonologii. Ocherk.Khrestomatiya [From the History of Russian Phonology]. M., Nauka, 1970, pp. 114–120.
8. Reformatskii A.A. Problema fonemy v amerikanskoi lingvistike [The Problem of Phonemes in American Linguistics] // Reformatskii A.A. Izistoriiotechestvennoifonologii. Ocherk.Khrestomatiya [From the History of Russian Phonology]. M., Nauka, 1970, pp. 204–248.
9. Sokolyanskii A.A. Gradual’nye oppozitsii kak sistemoobrazuyushchie dlya russkogo vokalizma[Gradable Oppositions as a Backbone for the Russian Vocalism] // Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Problems of Linguistics], 2011, no. 1, pp. 74–83.
10. Sokolyanskii A.A. Model’ mnogourovnevoifonologiirusskogoyazyka: monografiya [Model multi-tiered phonology of the Russian language: monograph]. Magadan, 2010. 282 p.
11. Sokolyanskii A.A. Fonologicheskaya interpretatsiya russkogo vokalizma [Phonological Interpretation of the Russian Vocalism] // Russkii yazyk: istoricheskie sud’by i sovremennost’: Mezhdunarodny ikongress issledovatelei russkogo yazyka :sbornik tezisov [The Russian Language: its Historical Destiny and Present State: the International Congress of Russian Language Researchers : Abstracts]. M., 2001, pp. 244.
12. Sokolyanskii A.A. Fonologicheskie zametki: monografiya [Phonological Notes: Monograph]. Magadan, 2015. 76 p.
13. Saussure F. de. Kurs obshchei lingvistiki [Course of General linguistics] // Saussure F. de. Trudy po yazykoznaniyu [Works on Linguistics]. M., 1977, pp. 31–273.
14. Timofeev V.V. Osobennosti proiznosheniya pristavok v sovremennom russkom literaturnom yazyke: diss. … kand. filol. nauk [The Pronunciation of the Prefixes in the Contemporary Russian Literary Language: Thesis of … PhD of Philological Sciences]. M., 2016. 331 p.
15. Trubetskoy N.S. Morfonologicheskaya sistema russkogo yazyka [Morphonological System of the Russian Language] // Trubetskoy N.S. Izbrannye trudy po filologii [Selected Works on Philology]. M., 1987, pp. 67–142.
16. Trubetskoi N.S. Osnovy fonologii [Fundamentals of Phonology]. M., 1960. 372 p.