The article stresses that the political practice of Russian socialism bases both on the theory of Marxism, which is western in its origin, and on the cultural code of Eastern Christianity, deeply rooted in the social psychology of the Russians, especially peasants. Not any outlook and not any ideology functions in ordinary consciousness in its entirety, but reduces to one or two ideas, suitable for practical everyday needs for the “unschooled mind”. In Orthodoxy such a reduced idea is the idea of justice. The development of Russian capitalism, by the turn of the 1890–1900s years, gradually led the mass consciousness to the conclusion that there was radical injustice in the existing social order– and it was radically changed in the process of the social revolution of 1917.

the Great schism, the Great October Socialist Revolution, Western Christianity, Eastern Christianity, “Lenin’s” socialism

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